The Trade Facilitation Agreement agreed by the World Trade Organization members in 2013, in force since 2017, establishes that members should promote cooperation between border control agencies to ensure the transparency and agility of their operations. This is because, depending on the administrative structure adopted in each country, multiple agencies have customs management competencies (security, sanitary, phytosanitary, tax, etc.) that can promote increased time and costs involved in international trade operations. Considering international trade as one of the tools for the promotion of economic development and with a potential contribution to the achievement of the indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), it is argued that domestic challenges related to the implementation of greater customs cooperation hinder the international trade insertion of economic actors, especially micro, small and medium-sized enterprises from developing and least developed countries (LDCs). In this way, they cause the loss of a chance that negatively impacts the potential of their contributions to achieving the SDGs.