In review paper, the authors presented data about hyperparathyroidism, primary, secondary, tertiary, their causes, clinical future and diagnosis. Parathyroid hormone and mechanism of action was described in details with illustration. Authors described causes leading to primary, secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism, presented differentiation of symptoms and signs in the tables and schemes. Review consist data from literature about principles of medical and surgical treatment, drugs classes and compared their mechanisms of action, indications for surgery and preparation before surgery and observation. This review presented interest for family doctors, specialist physicians such as endocrinologist, nephrologist, hemodialysis doctors, surgeons, also for students and residents.