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The femoral nerve is the largest branch of the lumbar plexus and arises from the posterior branches of L2 to L4 roots. Femoral neuropathy after pelvic operation has occasionally been reported in the literature, but femoral neuropathy after vaginal hysterectomy is very rare. The possible causes of femoral neuropathy include overtraction of the femoral nerve during surgery, direct compression of the femoral nerve by the surgical instrument, or entrapment of the femoral nerve at the inguinal ligament. This report describes a case of bilateral femoral neuropathy after hysterectomy and discusses the anatomic relations of the femoral nerve, possible mechanism of injury, diagnosis, management, and measures for prevention.