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Effect of Different Growth Media and Physical Factors on Biomass Production of Trichoderma Viride

Authors: Prabhat Kumar Mishra; Firoz Naem Khan;

Effect of Different Growth Media and Physical Factors on Biomass Production of Trichoderma Viride

Abstract

{"references": ["1. Savazzini F, Longa CMO, Pertot I. Impact of the biocontrol agent SC1 on soil microbial communities of a vineyard in northern Italy. Soil Biol Biochem 2009; 41:1457-65.", "2. Harman GE, Howell CR, Viterbo A, Chet I, Lorito M. Trichoderma species: opportunistic, avirulent plant symbionts. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004; 2(1):43-56.", "3. Gamal M, Abdel-Fattah YM, Shaban AEI, Younes MR. : A biocontrol agent against . Mycopathology 2007; 164(2):81-89.", "4. Punja ZK, Utkhede RS. Using fungi and yeasts to manage vegetable crop diseases.Trends Biotechnol (2003); 21(9):400-07.", "5. Gupta R, Saxena RK, Goel S. Short communication: Photoinduced sporulation in - An experimental approach to primary events. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 1997; 13(2):249-50.", "6. Griffin DH. Nutrient acquisition: Digestion and Transport In: Fungal Physiology; IInd edition; WILEY-LISS and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication, New York; 1996: pp 159-88.", "7. O'Bryan K, Haegele J. Performance of Pioneer\u00ae Brand Soybeans with ILeVO\u00ae Fungicide Seed Treatment against SDS. DuPont Pioneer Research Update 2015.", "8. Srour A, Afzal AJ, Blahut-Beatty L, Hemmati N, SimmondsDH, Li W, et al,. The receptor like kinase at Rhg1-a/Rfs2 caused pleiotropic resistance to sudden death syndrome and soybean cyst nematode as a transgene by altering signaling responses. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:368. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13- 368. PMCID: PMC3439264", "9. Bates GD. Rothrock CS, Rupe JC. Resistance of the soybean cultivar Archer to Pythium damping-off and root rot caused by several spp. Plant Dis 2008; 92(5):763-66.", "10. Khandelwal M, Datta S, Mehta, Naruka R, Makhijani K, Sharma G, Kumar R, Chandra S. Isolation, characterization & biomass production of Trichoderma viride using various agro products- A biocontrol agent. Adv App Sci Res 2012; 3(6): 3950- 55.", "11. Sivakumar T, Ravikumar M, Sivakumar N. Qualitative screening of degrading enzymes from mangrove derived fungi. Int J Curr Res Chem Pharma Sci 2014; 1(2):83-89.", "12. Priya S, Sivakumar T. Biodiversity of Fungi in Marine and Mangrove Ecosystem of East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India. Int J Adv Res Biol Sci 2014; 1(2):25-36.", "13. Rudresh DL, Shivaprakash MK, Prasad RD. Effect of combined application of Rhizobium, phosphate solubilizing bacterium and spp. on growth, nutrient uptake and yield of chickpea ( .). Appl Soil Ecol 2005; 28(2):139-46.", "14. Vaidya JG. In: Biology of the fungi.1 edn.;1995; pp27-52.", "15. Mishra PK, Khan FN. Biomass Production of Paecilomyces vairoti . Ind Jour App Res 2014; 4(4):497-99.", "16. Mishra PK, Khan FN. Isolation of fromWheat Crop Spike Let. Int Jour Sci Res 2014; 3(12):322-24.", "17. Bai Z, Jin B, Li Y, Chen J, Li Z. Utilization of winery wastes for biocontrol agent production by solid state fermentation. J Environ Sci 2008; 20(3):353-58", "18. Sandhu SS. Effect of physical factors on germination of entomopathogenic fungus conidia. Proc Nat Acad Sci Lett 1995;18(1&2):1-5", "19. Verma M, Brar SK, Tyagi RD, Sahai V, Pr\u00e9vost D, Val\u00e9ro JR, Surampalli RY. Bench-scale fermentation of on wastewater sludge: rheology, lytic enzymes and biocontrol activity. Enzyme Microbiol Tech 2007;41:764-71", "20. Tandon RN. Physiology studies on some pathogenic fungi. In : Scientific Research Committee, Allahabad, India; 1961.", "21. Muller\u2013Kogler E. Insekten Mydologie: Steiflichter and Ausblicke. Entomophaga. Memhors. Ser. No. 2, Colloq int. Pathol. Insects. Lutte Microvial., Paris, 1965;pp 111-124.", "22. Agrawal GP, Rajak RC. A list of entomopathogenic fungi of insect pests of crops and forest nurseries in Jabalpur (M.P). Bio Bull Ind 1985; 7:67-69.", "23. Robert DW, Yendol WG. Use of fungi for microbial control of insects. In Burges H.D and Hussey N.W. (eds) Microbial Control of insect and Mites, Academic Press, London, 1971; pp125-149.", "24. Ferron P. Biological Control of insect pests by entomogenous fungi, anti-inflammatory activity. Rev Entomol 1978; 23:409-42.", "25. Hall IM, Bell JY. The effect of temperature on some entomophthoraceous fungi. J Insect Pathol 1960; 2: 247-53.", "26. Ignoffo CM. Entomopathogens as insecticides. Envrion Lett 1975; 8:23-40.", "27. Yendol WG, Hamlen RA. Ecology of entomogenous viruses and fungi .Anon .N.Y: Acad Sci 1973; 217:1830.", "28. Hart MP, Macleod DM. An apparatus for determining the effect of temperature and humidity on germination of fungal spores. Can J Bot 1966; 33:288-92.", "29. Veen KH. Researches surla maladiedue a Metarhizium anisopliae chezle croquet pelerine, Meded. Landbouwhogeschoul Wageningen 1968; 68(5):1-77.", "30. Phadke CH. Studies into some indian fungi with special reference to entomogenous species .Ph.D.Thesis, University of Poona; 1983: p419."]}

In the past decade, excessive use of chemical pesticides has increased environmental contamination which in turn increased the importance for biopesticides to control different plant pathogens and diseases. is potent biocontrol agent. To obtain the favourable conditions for the biomass production of , the present study was conducted on different growth media and various physical factors i.e. pH, temperature and humidity. The best growth of Trichoderma viride was observed on Sabouraud Malt Yeast extract Agar (SYMA) medium with colony diameter of 2 cm after 5 days of incubation. The stationary phase of growth of occurred from 9 day with the decline phase starting from the 11 day of incubation. favored acidic while poor mycelia development was observed on alkaline medium. Moreover, alkaline pH had inhibitory effect on the growth and development of mycelia and pigmentation of the fungus. could grow at a wide range of temperature between 20-30ºC. Best growth and sporulation of the fungus was observed at 28ºC, colony diameter of 2.6 cm and optimum pH at 6 with 3.7cm colony diameter and optimum relative humidity for sporulation was obtained at 80-90%

Keywords

sporulation, pH, trichoderma viride, biomass production, mycelial growth, temperature, relative humidity

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This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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