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Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2023
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Alternativas de Manejo de Suelos en Regiones Áridas del Altiplano Sur de Bolivia

Soil Management Alternatives in Arid Regions of The Southern Highlands of Bolivia
Authors: Calle-Cruz, Cresencio; Villca-Sánchez, Milton; Bonifacio-Flores, Alejandro;

Alternativas de Manejo de Suelos en Regiones Áridas del Altiplano Sur de Bolivia

Abstract

El Altiplano Sur de Bolivia se encuentra a una altitud entre 3800 a 4000 msnm y se caracteriza por frecuentes sequías, con una precipitación anual de 200 mm, que se concentra principal­mente en enero y febrero. Los suelos, clasifica­dos como Fluvisoles y Cambisoles según la FAO debido a la cercanía al Salar de Uyuni, presentan bajos contenidos de materia orgánica (menor a 5 g kg-1). La erosión eólica y la salini­dad representan desafíos para el cultivo de qui­nua (Chenopodium quinua Willd.), que es el principal cultivo en esta región, destinado tanto al autoconsumo como al mercado. Las prácticas actuales de manejo de la quinua tienen limita­ciones que comprometen el uso sostenible del suelo. Como alternativas para mejorar estas condiciones, se promueven las siguientes prác­ticas: 1. Rotación de cultivos, con el uso de le­guminosas seguidas de quinua y un periodo de descanso para favorecer la fertilidad del suelo; 2. Implementación de barreras vivas, utilizando arbustos y pastos nativos para disminuir la ero­sión, especialmente la eólica; 3. Aplicación de estiércol mejorado o descompuesto para mejo­rar la fertilidad del suelo; 4. Uso de abonos ver­des, como Lupinus sp.; y 5. Implementación de labranzas reducidas mediante el uso de imple­mentos de tipo vertical que no invierten el suelo. Aunque el uso de esta última alternativa es aún incipiente. La implementación de estas alternativas ha demostrado incrementar los ren­dimientos de cultivo hasta en un 30% bajo las condiciones de aridez del altiplano boliviano.

The Southern Altiplano of Bolivia is situated at an elevation between 3800 and 4000 meters above sea level and is characterized by frequent droughts, with an annual precipitation of 200 mm, mainly concentrated in January and Feb-ruary. The soils in this area, classified as Fluvi-sols and Cambisols according to FAO due to their proximity to the Salar de Uyuni, exhibit low organic matter content (less than 5 g kg-1). Wind erosion and salinity pose challenges to the cultivation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), which is the primary crop in this re-gion, serving both for subsistence and commer-cial purposes. Current quinoa management practices have limitations that compromise the sustainable use of the soil. To improve these conditions, the following practices are being promoted: 1. Crop rotation, utilizing legumes followed by quinoa, with a resting period to en-hance soil fertility; 2. Implementation of living barriers, using native shrubs and grasses to re-duce erosion, especially wind erosion; 3. Appli-cation of improved or decomposed manure to enhance soil fertility; 4. Adoption of green ma-nure, such as Lupinus sp.; and 5. Implementa-tion of reduced tillage through the use of verti-cal implements that do not invert the soil. Alt-hough the utilization of this last alternative is still in its early stages. The implementation of these alternatives has shown to increase crop yields by up to 30% under the arid conditions of the Bolivian Altiplano.

Keywords

quinua, altiplano boliviano, degradación de suelos, Suelos áridos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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