After the Emirate of Bukhara became a vassal of the Russian Empire, the position of the Russians in the country was strengthened in every possible way. Russian capital, seeking to get as much profit from the country as possible, began to create large cotton plantations. New railroads were built to transport acquired wealth cheaply and conveniently. Post and telegraph tracks were built instead of old roads. As a result of the introduction of modern steamships into the Amu Darya, the volume of cargo transportation has sharply increased. This article highlights the activities of Russian capital in the Surkhan oasis and its results.