Central Asia is an important part of the Eurasian region, and it is a region in Asia that connects the East and the West. The region is also a hot geopolitical and strategic intersection due to its wealth of oil, gas, uranium ore and other similar mineral resources. After the collapse of the USSR in 1991, the Central Asian republics gained the status of an independent state, and in order to coordinate their political, economic, foreign and military relations, they joined several organizations such as the CIS, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and the Eurasian Economic Community. In this article, the changes in the railway system of the Republic of Tajikistan, which gained independence, are analyzed in a historical context.