This data set contains the results of a survey about researchers’ adoption of and attitudes toward preprinting. The survey respondents are authors of journal articles published in 2021 and early 2022 and indexed in the Web of Science database. The questions in the survey are grouped into three sections: adoption of preprinting, attitudes toward preprinting, and demographic questions. The Word document contains the survey form. The Excel spreadsheet contains the raw survey data. Free-text responses are not included in the spreadsheet because they may reveal sensitive information. The "heatmap_Rdata.xlsx" and "heatmap_Rcode.txt" contain data and R code in Figs. 8, 9, 10. For more information about this data set, please see the paper "To Preprint or Not to Preprint: A Global Researcher Survey" by Rong Ni and Ludo Waltman. The paper is available at https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/k7reb.