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Accurately detecting distant evolutionary relationships between proteins remains an ongoing challenge in bioinformatics. Search methods based on primary sequence struggle to accurately detect homology between sequences with less than 20% amino acid identity. Profile- and structure-based strategies extend sensitive search capabilities into this twilight zone of sequence similarity but require slow pre-processing steps. Recently, whole-protein and positional embeddings from deep neural networks have shown promise for providing sensitive sequence comparison and annotation at long evolutionary distances. Embeddings are generally faster to compute than profiles and predicted structures but still suffer several drawbacks related to the ability of whole-protein embeddings to discriminate domain-level homology, and the database size and search speed of methods using positional embeddings. In this work, we show that low-dimensionality positional embeddings can be used directly in speed-optimized local search algorithms. As a proof of concept, we use the ESM2 3B model to convert primary sequences directly into the 3D interaction (3Di) alphabet or amino acid profiles and use these embeddings as input to the highly optimized Foldseek, HMMER3, and HH-suite search algorithms. Our results suggest that positional embeddings as small as a single byte can provide sufficient information for dramatically improved sensitivity over amino acid sequence searches without sacrificing search speed.
QH301-705.5, Science, Q, protein search, R, Proteins, Computational Biology, functional annotation, structure alphabet, Sequence search, protein language model, remote homology, protein embedding, Medicine, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology (General), Amino Acids, Sequence Alignment, Algorithms, Computational and Systems Biology
QH301-705.5, Science, Q, protein search, R, Proteins, Computational Biology, functional annotation, structure alphabet, Sequence search, protein language model, remote homology, protein embedding, Medicine, Amino Acid Sequence, Biology (General), Amino Acids, Sequence Alignment, Algorithms, Computational and Systems Biology
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| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Top 10% |
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