Over the past few decades, air pollution and climate change have become major global concerns. In light of this concern about Indian cities, where air pollution and climate change have a significant health impact, this review was conducted. Human health is at risk from the expanding urban areas that experience extreme climate events like high rainfall, extreme temperature, floods, and droughts. Urban residents are experiencing thermal discomfort and a number of health issues as a result of the elevated temperature levels brought on by the intensified heat waves brought on by climate change. The study also looks at the rising levels of air pollution that are higher than what is required for the majority of Indian megacities. The concentrations of PM and aerosols have been investigated, and the potentially harmful effects on human health of particles that enter the respiratory system and are inhaled by humans have also been discussed. Also looked at were the health effects of the COVID2019 lockdown on Indian cities' air quality. Lastly, the link between urbanization, air pollution, and climate change has been shown because air pollutants like aerosols affect Earth's climate directly (through absorption and scattering) and indirectly (through modifying cloud properties and radiation transfer processes). As a result, the information in this review will act as a starting point for policymakers when it comes to evaluating vulnerable regions and putting into action plans to reduce air pollution. Based on the review, adaptation and mitigation measures can be implemented in Indian cities to mitigate the effects on human health by regularly monitoring air pollution and addressing climate change.