Replication code and data for the publication "Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet" appearing in the American Journal of Clinical Nutritian. Files include: 1) R replication code (5 files that should be run sequentially in numerical order). 2) "raw_diet_data.csv": 1 file that is ingested by the R code and used for the main analyses. 3) "lipid_classes.csv" and "nutriants_by_source_raw.csv": 2 files that are ingested by the R code and used for the supplementary analyses. 4) "wc2.1_30s_bio_1.tif": 1 file of GeoTiff data on annual mean temperature from the WorldClim v. 2.1 dataset (http://www.worldclim.com/version2) that is ingested by the R code. 5) "table_1.csv": a cleaned version of the data used in analyses that is output by the R code. 6) "table_hg_diet_data.csv" and "table_seasonal_diet_data.csv": 2 files containing seasonal and HG diet data that were not used in analyses, which are output by the R code.