A crime is an action or omission which constitutes an offence and is punishable by law. A crime is an offence against a public law. Criminal law is the laws of a state or country dealing with criminal offenses and their punishments. Criminal law concerns the system of legal rules that define what conduct is classified as a crime and how the government may prosecute individuals that commit crimes. Investigating, apprehending (arrest), charging, and trying suspected offenders are regulated by the law of criminal procedure. The paradigm case of a crime lies in the proof, beyond reasonable doubt, that a person is guilty of two things. First, the accused must commit an act which is deemed by society to be criminal, or actus reus (guilty act). Second, the accused must have the requisite malicious intent to do a criminal act, or mens rea (guilty mind). Modern criminal law has been affected considerably by the social sciences, especially with respect to sentencing, legal research, legislation, and rehabilitation. Among several crime, Cybercrime is also an increasing one. This may not constitute guilt act and guilt mind though it is crime as state classified it such as just crossing photos of anyone on social media after which state takes it as crime. The world is progressive towards society 5.0 and Nepal is not an exception evidenced from e-governance to virtual agriculture [1&2]. Smart village to online vehicle maintenance, digital sign language, and online product tracing are found at project level in Nepal [3, 4, 5, 6&7] whose dark side may be more digital action, some space of cybercrime.

Phul Babu Jha