Introduction: Adiponectin is a hormone secreted by the adipose tissue into blood circulation. Blood levels of adiponectin were found to be reduced in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans. Adiponectin has also been linked to insulin resistance associated with high fat diet and obesity. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between fasting plasmaadiponectin and fastinginsulin with each other, and with family history of diabetes mellitus in young non diabetic males and females. Materials and methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur, Kerala. Clinically healthy males and females between 18 and 25 years of age, were included in the study. Participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire with personal information, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other relevant information. Blood samples were collected and fasting serum glucose, serum insulin and serum adiponectin were estimated. Results and Discussion: The relationship between adiponectin and fasting insulin were evaluated. Fasting adiponectin was found to be significantly and negatively correlating with fasting insulin and glucose in young non diabetic individuals between 18 – 25 years of age. Adiponectin also showed a negative relationship with factors that were directly related to insulin, such as fasting glucose, family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Higher level of adiponectin and lower level of insulin seen in young non diabetic individuals show that plasma adiponectin levels have a strong genetic predisposition.