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Building on the theoretical and visualization work done by Arnstein (1969), Metcalfe (2014), and Kaisler & Missbach (2019), among others, this graph shows the different intensities of participation in research and innovation, and the level of empowerment they provide participants with. Inspirations include: Arnstein, S.R., 1969. A Ladder Of Citizen Participation. J. Am. Inst. Plann. 35, pp. 216–224. Metcalfe, J., 2014. The theory needed to support science communication practice. Kaisler, R., Missbach, B., 2019. PATIENT AND PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT IN RESEARCH - A "HOW TO" GUIDE FOR RESEARCHERS. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5017791 Berditchevskaia, A., Peach, K., and Malliaraki, E. (2021). Participatory AI for humanitarian innovation: a briefing paper. London: Nesta. This graph was developed in the context of the H2020 project PRO-Ethics.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
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