A Synthesis of Global Streamflow characteristics, Hydrometeorology, and catchment Attributes (GSHA) for Large Sample River-Centric Studies. GSHA covers 21,568 watersheds from 13 agencies for as long as 43 years based on the discharge observations scraped from web. GSHA includes yearly streamflow characteristics derived from daily discharge observations, daily meteorological variables (including precipitation, 2-m air temperature, long- and shortwave radiation, wind speed, actual and potential evapotranspiration (AET and PET)), daily or weekly water storage terms (4 layers of soil moisture, groundwater, and snow depth water equivalence), daily vegetation index (leaf area index (LAI)), yearly LULC characteristics (urban, cropland, and forest fraction), and yearly reservoir information (degree of regulation (DOR) and reservoir capacity). For each meteorological variable, multiple independent data sources are incorporated to provide uncertainty estimates. Static attributes like land physiography, soils, and geology are not additionally extracted, as similar efforts have been made by other researchers, so we directly matched our gauge locations to the HydroATLAS dataset by providing the river ID match table. For more details of GSHA, please refer to a companion research article submitted to ESSD. Citation: Yin, Z., Lin, P., Riggs, R., Allen, G. H., Lei, X., Zheng, Z., and Cai, S.: A Synthesis of Global Streamflow characteristics, Hydrometeorology, and catchment Attributes (GSHA) for Large Sample River-Centric Studies, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-256, in review, 2023.