Dataset associated with the publication "The role of hydrogen in heavy transport to operate within planetary boundaries" by Antonio Valente, Victor Tulus, Galán-Martín, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, and Gonzalo Guillén-Gosálbez, available at https://doi.org/10.1039/D1SE00790D. The dataset includes the numeric data associated with the plots described in the main manuscript, as well as the tables presented in the main manuscript converted in a machine-readable format. The structure of the dataset is here elucidated sheet by sheet: Tables: tables 3 and 4, as reported in the main manuscript, with evolution considered for the main technical parameters and the values of the parameters used in the baseline, best and worst scenario. Plots: numerical values associated with figures 2, 3, and 4, as reported in the main manuscript.