The aim of the work was to study the effect of sodium chloride on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat and maize genotypes, to identify varieties that are resistant to salinity. To create new salt-tolerant varieties of wheat and maize, a comparative analysis of the physiological and biochemical parameters of the parental and hybrid plants was carried out. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content and relative water content have been studied in parental forms and hybrids. When studying salt-tolerance of hybrids and parental forms, differences were detected in the relative amounts of chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids and RWC. The effect of salt on the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids, which are the main physiological indicators, is manifested in different ways in both hybrids and parental forms. Based on the physiological indices determined during the grain filling stage, the highest tolerance was manifested by the parental forms, Garabagh, Gobustan, and the hybrids, ♀Garabagh×♂Gobustan, ♀Garabagh×♂Mirbashir, ♀Garabagh×♂Sharg. A slight increase in the content of soluble sugars was detected in all genotypes of maize under the action of salt. The highest sugar content was observed in the hybrid Zagatala 68 x Gurur.