The dataset in this repository is accompanying the publication "Transport and retention of micro-Polystyrene in coarse riverbed sediments: Effects of flow velocity, particle and sediment sizes" (in Microplastics and Nanoplastics, 2023, submitted 09.06.2023) The repository contains the raw image files of all sample filters which were scanned using the fluorescence imaging system ChemiDoc and used to analyse the infiltration behaviour of microplastic polystyrene in the manuscript. In addition, we provide the resulting data from the particle identification and geometric analysis which were derived from the raw data using ImageJ in tabular excel format. The data is structured in folders following the naming of the columns from the manuscript.