Dataset for manuscript entitled "Dominant nitrogen metabolisms of a tropical monomictic lake identified using genome resolved metatranscriptomics" Abstract: Reactive nitrogen (N) is one of the principal drivers of primary productivity across aquatic ecosystems. However, N cycling in tropical inland waters is less well understood relative to temperate ecosystems. In particular, N cycling in monomictic tropical lakes may be distinct from that of their temperate counterparts due to the warm (>20 °C) temperatures of their anoxic hypolimnions (deepest portion of a stratified water column). These warm anoxic conditions have the potential to dramatically alter ecosystem biogeochemistry by releasing anaerobic metabolic pathways from temperature limitations that are present in anoxic strata of lake ecosystems at higher latitudes. To explore dominant N transformation pathways under warm anoxic conditions, we combined measurements of geochemistry and water column thermophysical structure with genome resolved metatranscriptomic analyses of the water column microbiome in Lake Yojoa, Honduras. Lake Yojoa is characterized by a pronounced accumulation of ammonium in the hypolimnions during stratification, beginning in May, and an annual mixing event that releases reactive N to the photic zone, in November. We sampled Lake Yojoa both above (1m) and below (16m) the thermocline at three locations, in June 2021, when the water column was stratified, and again at the same depths and locations in January 2022, when the water column was mixed. We identified 335 different lineages and significantly different microbiome membership between seasons and, in June, between depths. Expression of genes associated with N metabolic pathways was highest in June below the thermocline. In particular, we found nrfA, along with other respiratory NO2- reductases, was upregulated relative to other N metabolism genes in the June hypolimnions, suggesting that dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) was partially responsible for the previously observed ammonium accumulation. DNRA is infrequently identified as a dominant N transformation pathway in natural aquatic ecosystems. This work highlights the need to better define N biogeochemistry in the poorly understood warm anoxic hypolimnions of tropical lake ecosystems. Defining the dominant anaerobic pathways when temperature is not limiting is one key to providing a more complete understanding of how rapidly occurring global change is altering tropical inland waters. Files described below: Yojoa_572_MAGs_scaffolds.fna.zip scaffolds for 572 dereplicated MAGs Yojoa_572_MAGs_annotations.tsv.zip DRAM annotations for 572 dereplicated MAGs bipartitionsBranchLabels.nxr_nar_for_tree_aligned.fasta_mode_low.renamed phylogenetic tree for nar/nxr genes bipartitionsBranchLabels.amo_pmo_fortree_aligned.fasta_mode_low.renamed phylogenetic tree for amo/pmo genes YojoaMasterSheet_final.xls MAG inventory with accession numbers and quality stats MetaT_norm.counts.rpk_edger.bins_mean.csv mean geTMM values per bin expressed in metatranscriptomic data MetaT_geTMM_norm.counts.rpk_edger_genes.csv geTMM values per gene expressed in metranscriptomic data geochem_data_Yojoa.csv geochemical data from each location including NH4+, NO3-, total phosphorus (TP), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) profile_data_Yojoa.csv depth profile data at each location including temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements