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94 GHz Radar Backscatter Characteristics of Alpine Glacier Ice

Authors: Harcourt, William D.; Robertson, Duncan A.; Macfarlane, David G.; Rea, Brice R.; Spagnolo, Matteo;

94 GHz Radar Backscatter Characteristics of Alpine Glacier Ice

Abstract

AbstractMeasuring the radar backscatter characteristics of glacier ice at different frequencies and incidence angles is fundamental to predicting the glacier mapping performance of a sensor. However, such measurements at 94 GHz do not exist. To address this knowledge gap, we collected 94 GHz radar backscatter data from the surface of Rhônegletscher in Switzerland using the All‐Weather Volcano Topography Imaging Sensor (AVTIS2) real‐aperture Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave radar. We determine the mean normalized radar cross section to be −9.9 dB. The distribution closely follows a log‐normal distribution with a high goodness of fit (R2 = 0.99) which suggests that radar backscatter is diffuse and driven by surface roughness. Further, we quantified the uncertainty of AVTIS2 3D point clouds to be 1.30–3.72 m, which is smaller than other ground‐based glacier surface mapping radars. These results demonstrate that glacier surfaces are an efficient scattering target at 94 GHz, hence demonstrating the suitability of millimeter‐wave radar for glacier monitoring.

Countries
United Kingdom, Italy
Related Organizations
Keywords

G Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, 550, Alpine glacier, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Radar Backscatter, 551, G, Backscattering; Continuous wave radar; Mapping; Millimeter waves; Normal distribution; Radar cross section; Radar measurement; Topography; Alpine glacier; Different frequency; Glacier ice; Incidence angles; Knowledge gaps; Millimeter-wave radar; Millimetre-wave radar; Performance; Point-clouds; Radar backscatter; Surface roughness; backscatter; cross section; ice cover; radar imagery; sensor; surface roughness; valley glacier; Switzerland; alpine glacier; millimeter-wave radar; point clouds; radar backscatter; surface roughness, Surface roughness, point clouds, Normalised Radar Cross Section, Radar backscatter, QC, QC801-809, Point Clouds, DAS, Millimetre-wave Radar, radar backscatter, QC Physics, Millimeter‐wave radar, surface roughness, millimeter‐wave radar, Point clouds, alpine glacier, Alpine Glacier

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selected citations
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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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