Productivity remains an intriguing subject and a dominant issue in the construction sector, promising cost savings and efficient usage of resources. Productivity is one of the most important issues in both developed and developing countries. The developed countries are aware of the importance of economic growth and social welfare. The developing countries which face unemployment problems, inflation and resource scarcity seek to utilise resources and in such a way as to achieve economic growth and improve citizens’ lives. The aim of this thesis is to identify factors affecting labour productivity and also to study causes i.e. labour problems on site and its effects on the construction projects. Some of the important factors affecting labour productivity are: quality of site management, material shortage, timely payment of wages, labour experience, misunderstandings between labour and superintendent etc. The problems faced by the labour on Indian construction sites are dealt with in detail. Problems like non-availability of proper accommodation, basic amenities, low wages, safety related problems, security etc. dominate on almost all Indian construction sites. In our survey we have found that, specifically small firms in India are not able to fulfill labours’ requirements. And that is why labour is not able to raise their productivity. In fact it is found that actual labour productivity ratios are reducing day by day, which in turns harms organization’s profitability. In this study we will try to relate the ill effects of labour productivity this study restricts itself to the survey and research in the Indian context. Analysis of obtained data was done using different statistical methods. This report includes explanations on productivity, a case study, factors affecting labour productivity and the remedies for the same.