Mastitis is a prevalent infectious disease affecting the dairy industry worldwide. It is primarily caused by bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, and others. It can be classified into clinical and subclinical mastitis. Clinical mastitis presents with visible changes in milk appearance, udder swelling, and systemic signs of illness. Subclinical mastitis, on the other hand, lacks apparent clinical signs but is characterized by increased somatic cell count in milk, indicating underlying infection. Its impact on economy is very vast because if untreated then the utility of that animal for that lactation period doomed. For the countries like India, where cattle slaughter is banned in several states, the situation of economic losses is worse. Understanding the epidemiology and the range of pathogens involved is crucial for effective treatment strategies to cope up with these conditions.