This dataset accompanies our 2017 manuscript "Near-real-time monitoring of insect defoliation using Landsat time series". Files include both inputs and products from our 2016 asessment of gypsy moth defoliation for Southern New England. Input datasets, which are generated for individual Landsat WRS-2 Path/Rows, include predicted "synthetic" images for relatively clear Landsat acquisiton dates during the 2016 outbreak season (mid-May through mid-September), as well as per-pixel estimates of model RMSE. Intermediate datasets include raw and standardized residual estimates generated as part of near-real-time defoliation monitoring Final products include masked and umasked versions of a season-integrated assessment of defoliation.