A comprehensive approach was applied to study the mechanism underlying saffron stigmas extract therapeutic effect on the retina by employing biochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological methods. It was found that saffron extract inhibits free radical processes in the retina and reduces the accumulation of lipid peroxidation products. The activity of key "protective" enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was preserved while the activity of transport ATPases was increased as well. In addition, the study demonstrated better preservation of retinal electrogenesis and its restoration following parabulbar injection of a 0.5% saffron extract solution in animals with experimental dystrophy.