Edited by Bowen Fan on 06/02/2023 0. This Dataset is for the paper “Why are Mountaintops Cold? The Transition of Surface Lapse Rate on Dry Planets”. 1. data_Fig1.mat: data for figure 1 lon: longitude lat: latitude Ts: surface temperature (unit in K) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. Z: surface elevation (unit in meter) as a function of longitude latitude, and case. a: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure 1c a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure 1d b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure 1e 2. data_Fig2.mat: data for figure 2 GSW: net solar heating (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. GLW: atmospheric heating (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. TSK: surface emission (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. HFX: sensible cooling (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. 3. data_Fig3.mat: data for figure 3 LWS_diff: the difference of surface emission between highland and lowland LWA_diff: the difference of atmospheric emission between highland and lowland SH_diff: the difference of sensible heat flux between highland and lowland 4. data_Fig4.mat: data for figure 4 a1, a2, a3, a4: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure 4a c1, c2: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure 4b 5. data_FigS1.mat: data for supplementary figure 1 lon: longitude lat: latitude Ts: surface temperature (unit in K) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. Z: surface elevation (unit in meter) as a function of longitude latitude, and case. a1, a2: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure S1c 6. data_FigS2.mat: data for supplementary figure 2 lon: longitude lat: latitude HGT: surface elevation (unit in meter) as a function of longitude latitude. a1, a2: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure S2b b1, b2: surface lapse rate (unit in %) for the cases in figure S2c 7. data_FigS3.mat: data for supplementary figure 3 lon: longitude lat: latitude T: near-surface air temperature (unit in K) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. Z: surface elevation (unit in meter) as a function of longitude latitude, and case. U: near-surface zonal wind (unit in m/s) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. V: near-surface meridional wind (unit in m/s) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. 8. data_FigS4.mat: data for supplementary figure 4 GSW: net solar heating (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. GLW: atmospheric heating (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. LWS: surface emission (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. HFX: sensible cooling (unit in W/m2) as a function of longitude, latitude, and case. 9. data_FigS3.mat: data for supplementary figure 5 Ts_local: surface temperature (unit in K) as a function of case and location (1 = highland, 2 = lowland). Ps_local: surface pressure (unit in Pa) as a function of case and location. T_local: atmospheric temperature profile as a function of height, case and location. P_local: atmospheric pressure profile as a function of height, case and location. T_ad: adiabatic atmospheric temperature profile as a function of height, case and location. 10. data_FigS6.mat: data for supplementary figure 6 10a. Cases with varied greenhouse forcing SW_G LWA_G LWS_G SH_G: surface energy budgets from the GCM. The dimensions are location (1 for highland, 2 for lowland) and case. LWA1_G, LWS1_G, SH1_G: surface energy budgets from the highland part of two-column model LWA4_G, LWS4_G, SH4_G: surface energy budgets from the lowland part of two-column model 10b. Cases with varied surface pressure SW_A LWA_A LWS_A SH_A: surface energy budgets from the GCM. The dimensions are location (1 for highland, 2 for lowland) and case. LWA1_A, LWS1_A, SH1_A: surface energy budgets from the highland part of two-column model LWA4_A, LWS4_A, SH4_A: surface energy budgets from the lowland part of two-column model