Rome was the last European capital in the Second World War occupied by the Germans and the first capital that was liberated. It was clear from the beginning that it would be only a provisional occupation. The purpose was to keep the Allies as long as possible far from the German frontiers. In the nine months from September 1943 until June 1944 the Germans had to feed the two million inhabitants and to fight any rebellion and sabotage in the back of the front. The present publication tries to give a comprehensive picture of life in the town. The aspects include: the situation on the southern front, der German security system, the repression of resistance, the role of the Vatican and the catholic church, the assistance for the persecuted, the deportation of the Jews, the local Fascists, the bombing of the town, but also the daily life with all its problems and remaining little entertainments.