This study aims to determine the frequency of neonatal anemia, to study the etiologies and to discuss the different therapeutic modalities. During the 18-month period from January 2021 to June 2022, 162 cases of neonatal anemia were recorded among 1280 hospitalizations, representing a frequency of 12.6% with a female predominance (63.5%), the sex ratio girl / boy is 1.7. Prematurity is frequent 41.9% with a predominance in the age group 32-34SA (39.7%). The average weight is 2,830 ± 0,523kg [900g, 4400g] The mean hemoglobin level is 11.303 ± 2.218 g/dl (2-14.3). Severe neonatal anemia is estimated at 9.2%. The analysis of the etiologies in our series showed a predominance of the infectious etiology (86 cases or 53%) anemia due to hemorrhage was noted in 35 newborns, is 21.6%, hemolytic origin in 21 cases, either 12.9%, and anemia considered unexplained in 20 newborns, or 12.3%. As for the treatment, the transfusion constitutes the basis of the treatment of this anemia, however it presents well-defined indications. Exchange transfusion has become a rare act, due to the advent of phototherapy. Depending on the etiology retained, an etiological treatment was instituted. Other therapeutic measures should be discussed in order to prevent and minimize the risks of anemia, particularly in premature babies: delayed clamping of the cord, erythropoietin. transfusion is the basis of the treatment of this anemia however, it has well-defined indications. Exchange transfusion has become a rare act, due to the advent of phototherapy. Depending on the etiology retained, an etiological treatment was instituted. Other therapeutic measures should be discussed in order to prevent and minimize the risks of anemia, particularly in premature babies: delayed clamping of the cord, erythropoietin.