Traditional uses of the family Zingiberaceae have a long history and include everything from folk medicine to culinary applications. There are more than 70 different species of Curcuma, most of which are grown extensively in Western Africa, Asia, and Australia. Numerous Curcuma species have been the subject of numerous phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular studies worldwide. The identification of novel bioactive molecules with a variety of bioactivities, including antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation activities, has boosted interest in its therapeutic qualities. Additionally, this priceless plant is employed as a pesticide, natural dye, and repellant. The goal of this review is to collect data on the genus Curcuma, including information on its morphological traits, phytochemicals, and the biological and pharmacological effects of these compounds, which will be used to inform future research projects.