The current mainstream identification method of eddy based on the altimeter is not completely certain in determining the polarity of eddies, so we use the Argo arrays covering the global ocean to screen out abnormal eddies with subsurface potential density anomaly features opposite to surface height anomaly features, including abnormal anticyclonic eddies and abnormal cyclonic eddies. Meanwhile, for further comparing the differences between the natures of normal and abnormal eddies, we also screen out the normal eddies whose subsurface potential density anomaly features are same as surface height anomaly features, including normal anticyclonic eddies and normal cyclonic eddies. The dataset stores the location coordinate, radius, amplitude and lifetime of the eddy, as well as the float number, profile number, location coordinate, date of record of the profile in this eddy and the potential density anomaly in the depth range of 0-1000 m.