Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944 Figs 125–126, 164J, 166J, 172D, 178N, 188 Pseudonannolene silvestris Schubart, 1944: 419, figs 79–81. Pseudonannolene silvestris – Schubart 1952: 419. — Souza et al. 2012: 47. — Gallo & Bichuette 2020: 36. Diagnosis Males of P. silvestris slightly resemble those of P. fontanettiae, P. robsoni, and P. typica by having the internal branch with a slight torsion in anal view (Fig. 126D–F), but differing by having triangular coxae on the first leg-pair (Fig. 126A); solenomere with short apicomesal process and short subtriangular ectal process (Fig. 126D). Etymology Although unspecified, the name is probably related to either a patronym honoring the Italian naturalist Filippo Silvestri or to the Latin adjective ‘ silvestris ’ = ‘pertaining to a forest’, ‘living in wild area’. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • ♂ [gonopods and first leg-pair on microscope slides]; São Paulo, Descalvado, Escaramuça; [-21.930038, -47.600826]; 687 m a.s.l.; 6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Paratypes (total: 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature) BRAZIL • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for holotype; MZSP. Other material (total: 22 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀, 21 immatures) BRAZIL – São Paulo • 1 ♂; Iporanga, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira (PETAR); [-24.485866, -48.646697]; 570 m a.s.l.; 8–15 Nov. 2001; Equipe Biota leg.; IBSP 2271 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2273 • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2230 • 2 ♂♂, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2234 • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2262 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2278 • 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2261 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2267 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2282 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2284 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2283 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2245 • 2 ♂♂ immatures; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2237 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2238 • 1 ♂, 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2272 • 1 ♂ immature, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2241 • 1 ♂ immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2244 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2258 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2252 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2291 • 1 ♀, 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2265 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2227 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2289 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2248 • 1 immature; same collection data as for preceding; IBSP 2242 • 2 ♀♀; Analândia, São Sebastião; [-22.129316, -47.662849]; 663 m a.s.l.; 28 Dec. 1951; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP • 7 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀; Descalvado, Escaramuça; 687 m a.s.l.; 6 Mar. 1941; O. Schubart leg.; MZSP. Descriptive notes MEASUREMENTS. 58–61 body rings (1–2 apodous + telson). Males: body length 62.5–76.4 mm; maximum midbody diameter 3.8–4.4 mm. Females: body length 73–74 mm; maximum midbody diameter 4–4.4 mm. COLOR. Body color brownish grey; head, antennae, and collum darker; prozonites anteriorly greyish; metazonites with a medial darker band and a posterior lighter one; legs brownish. HEAD. Antennae short (Fig. 164J), just reaching back to end of ring 5 when extended dorsally; relative antennomere lengths 14=5=6>7. Mandibular cardo with ventral margin narrow. Ommatidial cluster well-developed, elliptical; ca 35 ommatidia in 5 rows. BODY RINGS. Collum with lateral lobes rounded, with ca 6 striae, slightly curved ectad anteriorly (Fig. 125A). Very faintly constricted between prozonite and metazonite; prozonites smooth; metazonites laterally with transverse striae up to ozopore in anterior body rings. Anterior sterna in midbody rings subrectangular, without transverse striae (Fig. 172D). FIRST LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxae (cx) short (less than half of remaining podomere lengths), subtriangular, densely setose (Fig. 126A); prefemoral process (prf) about as wide as half of prefemur, subcylindrical, curved ectad, densely setose up to its median region (Fig. 126B); remaining podomeres with setae along the mesal region. SECOND LEG-PAIR OF MALES. Coxa (cx) large and rounded; penis (pn) located at proximal region, rounded, not extended basally (Fig. 126C); prefemur compressed dorsoventrally; remaining podomeres setose. GONOPODS. Gonocoxa (gcx) elongated, almost twice as long as telopodite, with the base slightly arched; antero-posteriorly flattened (Fig. 126D–F); with rows of papillae mesally. Seminal groove (sg) curved; arising medially on mesal cavity and terminating apically on the seminal apophysis (sa). Shoulder (sh) short, rounded. Telopodite (tp) almost as wide as gcx (Fig. 126D); solenomere (sl) with apicomesal process (amp) short, rounded; ectal process (ep) short, slightly subtriangular, separating from amp by shallow notch; sa located at mesal portion, not visible apically. Internal branch (ib) short and narrow, subtriangular, surrounding basally tp as a shield; slightly twisted in the distal portion and with short projection; ib with setae along its entire margin slightly exceeding apically seminal region of sl (Fig. 126D–F). VULVAE. As typical for the genus. Bursa subtriangular, glabrous (Fig. 178N); internal valve subtriangular; operculum narrow; external valve wide, subtriangular. Distribution Known from the central region and southern São Paulo State, Brazil (Fig. 188). Intriguingly, P. silvestris is well distributed in forests of the region of Alto Ribeira (PETAR), but it has not ever been recorded inside caves, while the species P. strinatii has been recorded only in caves (or in rocky outcrops) of the same region, suggesting a possible environmental and geographical partitioning for both species.

Published as part of Iniesta, Luiz Felipe Moretti, Bouzan, Rodrigo Salvador & Brescovit, Antonio Domingos, 2023, A reassessment of the Neotropical genus Pseudonannolene Silvestri, 1895: cladistic analysis, biogeography, and taxonomic review (Spirostreptida: Pseudonannolenidae), pp. 1-312 in European Journal of Taxonomy 867 (1) on pages 83-85, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.867.2109, http://zenodo.org/record/7891021