This study aims to discuss the arguments for and against payment of fees in scientific journals and reflect on the implications of this practice for scientific and technological development. This is an exploratory study, in which the technical procedure of bibliographic research was adopted. It was found that public policies to promote scientific research can improve scientific production in developing countries. Open access to scientific information can also increase research visibility and impact. Solutions to reduce publication costs in international journals can help democratize access to scientific information. It is concluded that it is necessary to choose between following established rules and paying fees for publication in renowned journals or seeking public policies that guarantee open and free access to scientific knowledge produced, with a focus on valuing and promoting accessibility to scientific production in Brazil.