The dataset comprises 5 tables including sample information, grain size distributions, grain roundness, sand petrography and heavy-mineral tables. The sample information table includes River/Dune types, names, locality, collected people, collected year and spatial coordinate, whereas other tables provide detailed sand textural and compositional information. The detailed textural and compositional dataset allow us to evaluate the differences between fluvial and aeolian sand in the river-fed Yarlung Tsangpo system, and The "multiple window" approach provides opportunity to explore intersample and intrasample variability, and help to understand the grain-size control on sand texture and composition. The dataset is a supplement to the manuscript "Fluvial-aeolian interaction and compositional variability in the river-fed Yarlung Tsangpo dune system (southern Tibet)" by Liang et al. (2023) submitted to JGR: Earth Surface. The data should NOT be used commercially.