This document provides the data set supplementary to the manuscript "Development of Hydropower and the Environmental Impacts of Hydroelectric Dam Construction: A Case Study of the Three Gorges Dam" Data content: Tables 1-3 Table 1. The global annual data of GDP, surface temperature anomalies, carbon dioxide emissions and different kinds of renewable energy during 2000-2020. The renewable energy includes hydropower, wind, solar, geothermal, biomass and others (unit: TWh). Table 2. The annual mean temperature, CO2 emissions, and renewable energy data in China from 2000 to 2020. The renewable energy data include hydro, solar, and wind electricity generation (unit: kWh). Table 3. Annual variation of precipitation and biodiversity in the TGD area. Annual mean precipitation data over China and the TGD are provided. Biodiversity data include the number of Yangtze Finless Porpoise, Carp Egg and Larvae, and the number of spawners in spawning ground for Acipenser_sinensis.