CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) have shown promising approaches as therapeutic agents in biology and medical sciences. Also CeO2 show the different antioxidant properties, this is mainly due to the self-regeneration of their surface, which is based on redox-cycling between 3+ and 4+ states for cerium, in response to their immediate environment.The aim of this review is to discuss the green synthesis methods and the different biomedical applications like antioxidant, anticancer, antibacterial activities and toxicological studies including the most recent studies carried out in vivo and in vitro to study the problems. The greener approach provides environment friendly, non-toxic, cost effective and efficient method for the production of metal oxide nanoparticles. This review focused on the biosynthesis of CeO2and its potential biological applications.