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Les inégalités des revenus, l'ouverture économique et la croissance économique : Une étude en données de panel pour les pays à revenu intermédiaire

Authors: IDALFAHIM, Mohamed; ASSOUIH, Issam; OUARDIRHI, Saad EL;

Les inégalités des revenus, l'ouverture économique et la croissance économique : Une étude en données de panel pour les pays à revenu intermédiaire

Abstract

Les inégalités de revenus se creusent dans le monde depuis des décennies. Certains pays ont réduit le nombre de personnes vivant dans l'extrême pauvreté. Mais les inégalités de revenus continuent d’augmenter alors que les riches accumulent une richesse sans précédent. De même, les inégalités de revenus entre les pays se sont améliorées, mais les inégalités de revenus au sein des pays se sont aggravées. La réduction des inégalités de revenus fait partie intégrante de la réalisation des objectifs de développement durable. Cet article quantifie les liens entre les inégalités de revenus, l'ouverture et la croissance économique associés aux 31 pays à revenu intermédiaire au cours de la période 2003-2020 à l'aide de la méthode des moments généralisés. Les résultats suggèrent que le degré de l’ouverture économique et le taux d'investissement jouent un rôle important dans la relance économique. Ainsi, les inégalités de revenu se révèlent être un catalyseur de la croissance économique. En outre, les facteurs tels que le taux d'ouverture, la croissance économique sont responsables de l'augmentation des inégalités tandis que le niveau de l'éducation et des investissements directs étrangers la réduisent. Comme recommandation, les pays à revenu intermédiaire doivent encourager les investissements privés et attirer davantage les investissements directs étrangers pour créer de nouveaux postes d’emploi. De plus, la réforme du système éducatif est une priorité majeure pour ces pays. Mots clés : Inégalités des revenus, Ouverture économique, Croissance économique, Pays à revenu intermédiaire, GMM JEL Classification : D31 ; F13 ; F21 ; O40 Type de l’article : Recherche empirique.

Income inequality has been growing around the world for decades. Some countries have reduced the number of people living in extreme poverty. But income inequality continues to rise while the rich accumulate unprecedented wealth. Similarly, income inequality between countries has improved, but income inequality within countries has increased. Reducing income inequality is integral to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This paper quantifies the links between income inequality, openness and economic growth associated with 31 middle-income countries over the period 2003-2020 using the method of generalized moments. The results suggest that the degree of economic openness and the rate of investment play an important role in economic recovery. Thus, income inequality is found to be a catalyst for economic growth. In addition, factors such as openness and economic growth are responsible for increasing inequality, while the level of education and foreign direct investment reduce it. As a recommendation, middle-income countries should encourage private investment and attract more foreign direct investment to create new jobs. In addition, reforming the education system is a major priority for these countries. Keywords: Income inequality, Economic openness, Economic growth, Middle income countries, GMM JEL Classification : D31 ; F13 ; F21 ; O40 Type of article: Empirical research.

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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