Introduction: Crohn's disease is a chronic intestinal inflammation caused by genetic, immunological, microbiotic and environmental factors. The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, increasing the predisposition in genetically susceptible patients. Identification of changes in the gut microbiota is an important goal for predicting recurrence and remission of Crohn's disease. Methodology: The relationship between Crohn's disease, microbiota, and postoperative recurrence was investigated through keyword search on the ResearchRabbit search engine from 2008-2023. 834 results were obtained, of which 22 relevant articles were selected for the preparation of the article. Theoretical Framework: The intestinal microbiota plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel diseases such as Crohn's disease. The alteration of the microbiota can increase the prevalence in genetically susceptible patients and affect the physiology of mammals. Intestinal surgery can alter the colonic microbiota in various ways, which can affect the composition and function of the microbiota. Understanding how these changes affect the colonic microbiota can help develop strategies to maintain or restore a healthy microbiota after surgery. The healthy microbiota is a protective factor for the host due to its resistance to colonization by harmful bacteria and its role in the immune system. Conclusions: The intestinal microbiota has the potential to predict the postoperative course and recurrence of Crohn's disease