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Râzî'nin Sahih Kıraatlere Yönelik Eleştirilerinde Zemahşerî Etkisi

Authors: TAŞPINAR, Kadir;

Râzî'nin Sahih Kıraatlere Yönelik Eleştirilerinde Zemahşerî Etkisi

Abstract

The Islamic scientific tradition derives its strength from its sources and the interaction of scholars. Naturally, this interaction has also manifested itself in the context of recitation disputes, which are the indispensable material of almost all interpretation sources. In the center of our work, there are the interpretations of al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144) and Rāzī (d. 606/1210), who have benefited greatly from the authentic recitation disputes. The viewpoints of both exegetes on authentic recitations are different from each other. While linguistic data is at the forefront in al-Zamakhsharī’s comments about recitations, Rāzī attaches importance to narration and it is understood that he based off transmissions of recitations to the Prophet. Despite this, Rāzī sometimes preferred one of the two wajihs of an authentic recitation while evaluating authentic recitations, sometimes he described an authentic recitation as shaz, and sometimes he criticized one of the authentic vajihs in terms of syntax rules. It is seen that Rāzī, who defines vajihs that seven imams of qiraat agree with or the recitation of most of these imams, as famous/common recitation, generally directs his criticisms to single or minority imam’s recitations. However, the language scholars’, from whom Rāzī made use of, especially al-Zamakhsharī, had a great influence in his critique of authentic recitation. While evaluating the recitations, Razi attributed the quotations he made from al-Zamakhshari to him, mostly by giving his name, and sometimes he quoted it without specifying his name. In our study, Rāzī’s critical approach to authentic recitations will be analyzed through various examples. In the meantime, the views of the language scholars, who are the source of Rāzī’s determinations, will also be touched on, but more attention will be drawn to the effect of al-Zamakhsharī.

İslâm ilim geleneği gücünü kaynaklarından ve âlimlerin etkileşiminden almaktadır. Kaynaklar arası etkileşimin tezahür ettiği alanların başında ise tefsirler gelmektedir. Haliyle bu etkileşim, hemen hemen bütün tefsir kaynaklarının vazgeçilmez malzemesi olan kıraat ihtilâfları bağlamında da kendisini göstermiştir. Çalışmamızın merkezinde, sahih kıraat ihtilâflarından ziyadesiyle istifade etmiş olan Zemahşerî (ö. 538/1144) ile Râzî’nin (ö. 606/1210) tefsirleri yer almaktadır. Her iki müfessirin sahih kıraatlere bakışı birbirinden farklıdır. Zemahşerî’nin kıraat yorumlarında dilsel veriler ön planda iken Râzî’nin rivayet ve nakle önem verdiği, kıraatlerin senet yoluyla Hz. Peygamber’e ulaşmasını esas aldığı anlaşılmaktadır. Buna rağmen Râzî, sahih kıraatleri değerlendirirken bazen iki sahih kıraat vechinden birini tercih etmiş, kimi zaman sahih bir kıraati şâz olarak nitelemiş, bazen de sahih vecihlerden birisini nahiv kuralları bakımından tenkide tabi tutmuştur. Yedi kıraat imamının ittifak ettiği vechi veya bu imamlardan çoğunun okuyuşunu meşhur/yaygın kıraat olarak tanımlayan Râzî’nin, eleştirilerini genelde tek ya da azınlıkta kalan imamların okuyuşlarına yönelttiği görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte Râzî’nin sahih kıraat eleştirilerinde, kendilerinden istifade ettiği dil âlimlerinin, özellikle de Zemahşerî’nin etkisi büyüktür. Râzî, kıraatleri değerlendirirken Zemahşerî’den yaptığı alıntıları çoğunlukla ismini vermek suretiyle ona atfederken, bazen de ismini belirtmeden iktibasta bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda Râzî’nin sahih kıraatlere eleştirel yaklaşımı çeşitli örnekler üzerinden tahlil edilecektir. Bu esnada Râzî’nin tespitlerine kaynaklık eden dil âlimlerinin görüşlerine de temas edilecek fakat daha ziyade Zemahşerî etkisine dikkat çekilecektir.

Keywords

Zemahşerî, Eleştiri, Kıraat,, Recitation;Tafsir;Rāzī;Zamakhsharī;Sahih;Criticism, Râzî, Din Araştırmaları, Tefsir, Sahih, Kıraat;Tefsir;Râzî;Zemahşerî;Sahih;Eleştiri, Religious Studies

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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