The most prevalent condition affecting the stomach and duodenum is peptic ulcer disease (PUD), which is linked to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Esophageal, duodenal, and stomach ulcers are all parts of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Epigastric discomfort is the PUD symptom that commonly occurs. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI), Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), and antibiotics are widely used to treat PUD, which is caused by an imbalance between offensive and defensive forces. Abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and bleeding or perforation with the complicated disease areonly a few of the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. Understanding the methodology behind diagnosis and treatment options requires identifying the risk factors and mechanisms that result in PUD. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise summary of key ideas and recent findings in the field of peptic ulcer disease management, etiology, pathophysiology, and epidemiology.