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RESUMEN Del grano de café tostado (Coffea arabica), se obtiene una de las bebidas más consumidas en el mundo, constituyendo un producto funcional gracias a su diversidad de biomoléculas. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto de tres tiempos de tostados en la concentracción de cafeína, compuestos fenólicos y actividad antioxidantes en granos de café verde artesanal. Los granos fueron tostados a 250°C, a tiempos de 10, 12 y 14 min, caracterizados como tostado claro, medio y oscuro. Los analitos de interés se determinaron por espectrofotometría de absorción molecular UV/Visible y para la actividad antioxidante se empleó el método del radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) y ensayo del poder reductor férrico (FRAP). Los análisis arrojaron que la concentración de cafeína no tuvo variación significativa en los tres tipos de tostados. Se observó diferencia estadística en cuanto al contenido de compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides (p < 0,05). Con relación a la actividad antioxidante el extracto acuoso de granos con tostado medio presentó el mayor poder antioxidante (DPPH = 85,34%, FRAP = 113,32 ± 0,90 μmol Fe+2/g CM). Si bien la temperatura y tiempo de tostado es variable de acuerdo con cada empresa y caficultor independiente, se concluye que el proceso de tostado representa un paso fundamental en la expresión de los compuestos con actividad antioxidante. ABSTRACT From the roasted coffee bean (Coffea arabica), one of the most consumed beverages in the world is obtained, constituting a functional product thanks to its diversity of biomolecules. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of three roasting times on the concentration of caffeine, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in artisan green coffee beans. The beans were roasted at 250°C, at times of 10, 12 and 14 min, characterized as light, medium and dark roast. The analytes of interest were determined by UV/Visible molecular absorption spectrophotometry and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil free radical method (DPPH) and the iron reducing power test (FRAP) were used for antioxidant activity. The analyses showed that the caffeine concentration did not vary significantly in the three types of roasts. Statistical difference was observed regarding the content of phenolic and flavonoids compounds (p < 0.05). In relation to the antioxidant activity, the water extract of grains with medium roast presented the highest antioxidant power (DPPH = 85.34%, FRAP = 113.32 ± 0.90 μmol Fe+2/g CM). Although the roasting temperature and time vary according to each company and independent coffee grower, it is concluded that the roasting process represents a fundamental step in the expression of compounds with antioxidant activity.
flavonoides, Grano verde, flavonoids, FRAP, fenoles, phenols, Green grain, DPPH
flavonoides, Grano verde, flavonoids, FRAP, fenoles, phenols, Green grain, DPPH
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