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Major efforts have been made to combat disinformation and trolling on Twitter, due to their impact on election results across the globe. Even so, trolling seems to be as prevalent as ever before. We aim to examine if and how the extent of trolling toward political figures on Twitter changed between the 2016 and 2020 US presidential election cycles by analyzing outrage comments made towards tweets by a total of 20 Democrat and Republican candidates for President/VP and Senate/House. Based on content analysis of 9,461 comments, we found significantly more trolling towards Republicans than Democrats, demonstrating trolling asymmetry. We also found that between 2016 and 2020, there was a significant increase in overall trolling towards Republicans, but not in overall trolling towards President/VP candidates, highlighting a more obvious increase in domestic trolling than that of the external interference in election results.
| selected citations These citations are derived from selected sources. This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | 0 | |
| popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network. | Average | |
| influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically). | Average | |
| impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network. | Average |
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| downloads | 20 |

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