LPX model output for South America for the Last Glacial Maximum. We provide outputs for LPX driven by four GCM simulated climates along with an ensemble average: MIROC.tar.gz: LPX driven by MIROC3.2 FGOALS.tar.gz: driven by FGOALS-1.0g HAD.tar.gz: HadCM3M2 CNRM.tar.gz: CNRM-CM33 Ensemble.tar.gz: The mean of each output variable for the four models. Driving data comes from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project Phase II (PMIP2)1,2. See Sato et al. 3 for modelling protocol. Each model’s directory contains “uncorrected” and “corrected” directories. With each of these are bioclimatic maps outputted from LPX and biome information: fpc.nc: fractional projected cover of all vegetation height.nc: mean height of vegetations gdd.nc: Growing Degree Days base 2 tropical.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by tropical trees and c4 grasses temperate.nc: proportion of vegetated areas taken up by temperate trees and c3 grasses evergreen.nc: proportion of tree cover that is composed of evergreen trees biome.nc: the assigned biomes from these data, based on a modified version of Sato et al. 3. See “biomisation” below. cluster.nc: In “corrected” only. The spatial location of kmean clusters of fpc vs height. See 4 for details. “Uncorrected” is from Sato et al. 3. “Corrected” is bias-corrected to match the 42 pollen-core observations taken from Marchant et al. 5 We do this by shifting the total vegetation cover and composition, height, and growing degree day (GDD) DVM output to the closest boundary of the corresponding biome of the pollen core in that specific location. We then extrapolate this correction between pollen-core locations across the Neotropics. See Kelley et al. 4 for details. Biomeisation "Biomeisation.png" displays the scheme. We primarily split biomes by FPCs of 0.3 and 0.6, with biomes > 0.6 split by a height of 10m. Forests (>0.6 FPC and > 10m) is split by GDD, Evergreen FPC (EG) and Tropical or temperate FPC (TR, TM). Likewise, we split FPCs> 0.6 and heights <10m into savanna, woodland and parkland using EG and TR. We additionally assign Tropical savanna >5m to Woodland/Tropical savanna. We divided desert, dry grassland and (shrub)-tundra by FPC of 0.3 and GDD of 350°C. See Kelley et al. 4 for details.

DIK was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council as part of the LTSM2 TerraFIRMA project delivering National Capability and The UK Earth System Modelling Project (UKESM, grant no. NE/N017951/1). CB was supported by the Newton Fund through the Met Office Climate Science for Service Partnership Brazil (CSSP Brazil). JMB, HS, and JMGC were supported by Dimensions US-Biota-São Paulo: Assembly and evolution of the Amazonian biota and its environment: an integrated approach, co-funded by the US National Science Foundation (NSF DEB 1241056) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP grant #2012/50260-6).