This is the processed data for the manuscript “Bottiroli S, Rosi A, Sances G, Allena M, De Icco R, Lecce S, Vecchi T, Tassorelli C, Cavallini E. Social cognition in Chronic Migraine with Medication Overuse: Do you mind what I think?. To be submitted to JAMA Network Open”. Dataset refers to a study aimed to outline the socio-cognitive profile of patients with Chronic Migraine with Medication Overuse (CM+MO). Given the multidimensionality of the socio-cognitive construct, we considered: (1) socio-cognitive abilities, (2) socio-cognitive beliefs, (3) alexithymia and autism traits, and (4) social relationships. Two hundred and twelve subjects were enrolled, of which 71 suffered from CM+MO, 61 from episodic migraine (EM), and 80 were healthy controls (HC). All participants were assessed with a comprehensive socio-cognitive battery that included: (1) the Faux pas test (FP), the Strange Stories task (SS), the Reading Mind in the Eyes test (RMET), (2) the Tromso Social Intelligence Scale, (3) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, (4) the Lubben Social Network Scale – Revised and the Friendship Scale. Data showed that CM+MO: (1) performed similar to EM but worse than HC in the FP and SS tests, while they were worse than the other two groups in the RMET; (2) were similar to EM and HC in terms of social intelligence; (3) had more alexithymic and autistic traits than EM and HC; and (4) reported higher levels of contact with their family members but felt little support from the people around them than HC. These results suggest that CM+MO patients are characterized by a profile of compromised socio-cognitive abilities that affects different dimensions.