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PUSH-PULL FACTORS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF REVERSE MIGRANTS DURING 1ST WAVE OF COVID-19: A GRASS ROOT SURVEY IN GARHWAL HIMALAYA

Authors: Dinesh Prasad Saklani; Narendra Kumar; Ekta Singh; Hitesh Kumar Mandal; Rajesh Naithani; Akshita Bahuguna;

PUSH-PULL FACTORS AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF REVERSE MIGRANTS DURING 1ST WAVE OF COVID-19: A GRASS ROOT SURVEY IN GARHWAL HIMALAYA

Abstract

Reverse migration of people across the country through all means of transport became a glaring event during the first wave of Covid-19 as soon as the central government announced the national lockdown. This research paper explores the impact of “push” and “pull” factors of reverse migration in Jaiharikhal block of Pauri district and its correlation with the socio-economic status of the reverse migrants during the first wave of Covid-19. It also examines the relationship between inter and intraclass income of reverse migrants in pre and during Covid-19 pandemic at the micro-regions of the study area. There are a total four sample sites being among which a total of 112 samples of reverse migrants were taken for study. Both primary and secondary data are being used in the study. Descriptive statistics, as well as Pearson correlation methods, are also used to examine the drivers of push and pull factors of reverse migration before and during the 1st wave of Covid-19. The study found that the income category 10,000-15,000 before Covid-19 has moved to below 10,000 and no income category with a Pearson's r-value 0.914 and 0.901 respectively, showing a very high positive correlation.

Keywords

unemployment, income, push-pull factors, socio-economic status, reverse migration

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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