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An Embedded and Real-Time Pupil Detection Pipeline

Authors: Ankur Raj; Diwas Bhattarai; Van Laerhoven, Kristof;

An Embedded and Real-Time Pupil Detection Pipeline

Abstract

Wearable pupil detection systems often separate the analysis of the captured wearer's eye images for wirelessly-tethered back-end systems. We argue in this paper that investigating hardware-software co-designs would bring along opportunities to make such systems smaller and more efficient. We introduce an open-source embedded system for wearable, non-invasive pupil detection in real-time, on the wearable, embedded platform itself. Our system consists of a head-mounted eye tracker prototype, which combines two miniature camera systems with Raspberry Pi-based embedded system. Apart from the hardware design, we also contribute a pupil detection pipeline that operates using edge analysis, natively on the embedded system at 30fps and run-time of 54ms at 480x640 and 23ms at 240x320. Average cumulative error of 5.3368px is found on the LPW dataset for a detection rate of 51.9\% with our detection pipeline. For evaluation on our hardware-specific camera frames, we also contribute a dataset of 35000 images, from 20 participants.

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Keywords

FOS: Computer and information sciences, Near Eye Dataset, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction, Pupil Detection, Embedded Systems, Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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