The main purpose of this dataset is to improve the spatial and temporal distribution of the public power, refineries, manufacturing, and construction emissions in the European emission inventories using Portugal as a case study. More information about it can be found in the published article "An exploratory approach to estimate point emission sources" (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120026). This dataset includes the following folders and files: 1. Source_Info 1.1 Sources_Info_NFR_1_A_1_a.xlsx: this excel file includes the public plant names, situation, region, location, start, fuel used, power (MW), technology, treatment of gas effluents, stack height (m), and facility ID. 1.2 Sources_Info_NFR_1_A_1_b.xlsx: this excel file includes the refineries' names, situation, region, location, start, fuel power (MW), stack height (m), and facility ID. 1.3 Sources_Info_NFR_1_A_2.xlsx: this excel file includes the manufacturer's names, situation, region, NFR code, energy balance (PT_code), capital (€), stack height (m), production index code (PT_code), and facility ID. 2. Spatial_Location 2.1. NFR_1_A_1_a.gdb: geodatabase with the public power locations and their facility ID (polygons and points shapefiles). 2.2. NFR_1_A_1_b.gdb: geodatabase with the refineries' locations and their facility ID (polygons and points shapefiles). 2.3. NFR_1_A_2.gdb: geodatabase with the manufacturer's locations and their facility ID (polygons and points shapefiles). 2.4. UrbanAreas.gdb: geodatabase with the Portuguese urban areas (polygons shapefiles). 3. Temporal_Profiles 3.1. Hourly 3.1.1. Hourly_NFR_1_A_1_a.xlsx: excel file with the hourly profiles of the public power sites in Portugal's mainland (using wood waste, natural gas, hard coal, another thermal, “Central de Ciclo Combinado do Pego”, and “Central Termoeléctrica de Lares”) and Madeira island (using natural gas, fuel, and urban solid waste). 3.1.2. Hourly_NFR_1_A_2_construction.xlsx: excel file with the hourly profiles for construction activities by Portuguese municipalities (305 municipalities). 3.2. Monthly 3.2.1. Monthly_NFR_1_A_1_a.xlsx: excel file with the monthly profiles of the public power sites in the Azores (using fuel oil and diesel). 3.2.2. Monthly_ProductionIndex.xlsx: excel file with the monthly profiles of the Portuguese industries (including information for twenty-five types of activities). 4. Emission factors 4.1. EF_NFR1_A_1_a.xlsx: excel file with the emission factors for the public power sector. 4.2. EF_NFR1_A_2.xlsx: excel file with the emission factors for the refinery activities. 4.3. EF_NFR1_A_b.xlsx: excel file with the emission factors for the manufacturing and construction combustion activities. 4.4 Fuels_to_EF.xlsx: excel file linking the fuels with available emission factors. 5. Data_Sources.docx: this file provides the sources of the dataset.