Here, we present the first gridded reconstruction of the European summer vapour pressure deficit (VPD) for the past four centuries (see https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2022-47 for the study). The gridded reconstruction is based on 26 European tree-ring oxygen isotope records and is performed using a Random Forest approach. Furthermore, we provide summer VPD data derived from 20CRV3 for the period 1836 to 2015 (Slivinski et al., 2019). The data is structured as follows: VPD_final_nested_reconstruction.nc -> contains the summer VPD reconstruction for the past 400 years CE_final_*_.nc -> provides the Coefficient of Efficiency metric for each time slice of the rec. (Nash and Sutcliffe, 1970) VPD_20CR_JJA.nc -> VPD data derived from 20CRV3 for the period 1836 to 2015 (Slivinski et al., 2019)