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Thesis . 2022
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Thesis . 2022
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El lado oscuro de los buenos comportamientos: ensayos sobre como ayudar, agradecer y disculparse / Dark side of good behaviors: essays on helping, thanking and apologizing

Authors: Li, Shike;

El lado oscuro de los buenos comportamientos: ensayos sobre como ayudar, agradecer y disculparse / Dark side of good behaviors: essays on helping, thanking and apologizing

Abstract

This dissertation examines the negative outcomes of three widely-studied prosocial behaviors: helping, thanking and apologizing, and aims at providing a broader understanding of when and why these behaviors fail to serve a prosocial function. Chapter 1 differentiates the effect of proactive (i.e., unsolicited) help vis-à-vis reactive (i.e., solicited) help on the helper’s subsequent selfish behaviors, and investigates a novel mechanism—perceived cost of helping—underlying such relationship. In three experimental studies, I demonstrate that after providing reactive help (vis-à-vis proactive help), the helpers are more likely to engage in selfish behaviors for selfbenefits, and this is because the disruptiveness of providing reactive help makes the helpers to perceive the cost of help (i.e., time, effort and resources invested in help) as higher, the effect of which is strengthened when helpers are more intolerant of under-reward. Chapter 2 investigates a ubiquitous yet unstudied phenomenon: when a benefactor solicits gratitude expression from a beneficiary after offering help, namely, gratitude expression solicitation. Based on the results from one pilot study and three experimental studies, I demonstrate the real-life instances of gratitude expression solicitation, how soliciting gratitude expression is different from soliciting other monetary and non-monetary resources in social exchanges, and how it can lead the beneficiary to avoid the benefactor more through perceived benefactor arrogance. I also examine the moderating effect of whether gratitude has been expressed before it is solicited, which jointly contribute to an in-depth understanding of soliciting gratitude expression. Last, in Chapter 3, I explore when apology may impair reconciliation process by exploring the situation when the alleged transgressor does not perceive any wrongdoing but still apologizes. Adopting a transgressor-centric approach and using a mixed-approach design, I investigate the nature and the prevalence of apologizing with no felt transgression at the workplace, demonstrate its related affective and reconciliation outcomes from the transgressor’s perspective, and illustrate the role of organizational conflict cultures in influencing employees’ restoration efforts upon apologizing with no felt transgression. Esta disertación examina los resultados negativos de tres comportamientos prosociales ampliamente estudiados: ayudar, agradecer y disculparse, y tiene como objetivo proporcionar una comprensión más amplia de cuándo y por qué estos comportamientos no cumplen una función prosocial. El capítulo 1 diferencia el efecto de la ayuda proactiva (es decir, no solicitada) frente a la ayuda reactiva (es decir, solicitada) en los comportamientos egoístas posteriores del ayudante, e investiga un mecanismo novedoso, el costo percibido de la ayuda, que subyace a dicha relación. En tres estudios experimentales, demuestro que después de brindar ayuda reactiva (en comparación con la ayuda proactiva), es más probable que los ayudantes adopten comportamientos egoístas para beneficio propio, y esto se debe a que la disrupción de brindar ayuda reactiva hace que los ayudantes percibir el costo de la ayuda (es decir, tiempo, esfuerzo y recursos invertidos en la ayuda) como más alto, cuyo efecto se fortalece cuando los ayudantes son más intolerantes con la recompensa insuficiente. El capítulo 2 investiga un fenómeno omnipresente pero no estudiado: cuando un benefactor solicita una expresión de gratitud de un beneficiario después de ofrecer ayuda, es decir, solicitud de expresión de gratitud. Basándome en los resultados de un estudio piloto y cuatroestudios experimentales, demuestro los casos de la vida real de solicitud de expresión de gratitud, en qué se diferencia la solicitud de expresión de gratitud de la solicitud de otros recursos monetarios y no monetarios en los intercambios sociales, y cómo puede conducir a la beneficiario para evitar al benefactor más a través de la arrogancia del benefactor percibido. También examino el efecto moderador de si se ha expresado gratitud antes de solicitarla, lo que contribuye conjuntamente a una comprensión profunda de la solicitud de expresión de gratitud. Por último, en el Capítulo 3, exploro cuándo la disculpa puede afectar el proceso de reconciliación al explorar la situación en la que el presunto transgresor no percibe ninguna irregularidad pero aun así se disculpa. Adoptando un enfoque centrado en el transgresor y utilizando un diseño de enfoque mixto, investigo la naturaleza y la prevalencia de disculparse sin una transgresión sentida en el lugar de trabajo, demuestro los resultados afectivos y de reconciliación relacionados desde la perspectiva del transgresor e ilustro el papel del conflicto organizacional culturas al influir en los esfuerzos de restauración de los empleados al disculparse sin sentir una transgresión.

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Keywords

Actitudes, Emoción, Motivación, Procesos y Teoría de la decisión

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This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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