Taking the ETAPAS use cases as examples, this deliverable examines the EU legal framework for the implementation of disruptive technologies (DTs) in the public administrative sector. While the use cases raise a range of legal questions, this deliverable focuses on questions regarding EU public law and the state-citizen relationship. It first examines general primary law sources, including the EU’s competences to act, market freedoms, key principles, and fundamental rights. It finds several constraints on public administrations’ implementation of DTs, as administrations must respect fundamental rights and only act as empowered to do so under primary law. However, there are also opportunities for the administration to implement DTs where it can act in a proportionate and precautionary way within the EU legal framework