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In der Tradition der kritischen Theorie der Gesellschaft wird in diesem Aufsatz versucht, einen Begriff der esoterischen Ideologie zu entwickeln. Zu diesem Zweck wird Paul Heelas' Definition des New Age als Self-spirituality immanent kritisiert und mit Material aus dem Werk des Esoterikers Thorwald Dethlefsen konfrontiert. Es werden die einzelnen laut Heelas zur Self-spirituality gehörenden Elemente - (wahres) Selbst, Ego, Gesellschaft - untersucht und die Widersprüche der Bestimmungen hervorgekehrt. Die Untersuchung kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass sich hinter der von Heelas behaupteten höchsten Autorität des Selbst in Wirklichkeit die Autorität des Schicksals verbirgt. Denn die esoterische Suche nach dem wahren Selbst strebt danach, durch vollkommene Unterwerfung unter das Schicksal mit diesem zu verschmelzen und so an dessen Macht teilzuhaben. Anstatt der Selbstvergottung ist die selbstvergessene Schicksalsvergottung das Wesen der Esoterik. Die esoterische Ideologie wird in dem Aufsatz jedoch nicht als Absonderlichkeit bloßgestellt, sondern als ein Symptom der spätkapitalistischen Gesellschaft gedeutet, die den ihr Unterworfenen als ein undurchdringliches Verhängnis erscheint. Die Arbeit beansprucht nicht nur, zur Kritik der esoterischen Ideologie beizutragen, sondern auch zur Kritik derjenigen Religionswissenschaft, die unkritisch das Selbstmissverständnis ihres Gegenstandes übernimmt.
In the tradition of the critical theory of society, this essay attempts to develop a concept of esoteric ideology. For this purpose Paul Heelas's definition of the New Age as Self-spirituality is immanently criticized and confronted with material from the work of the popular German esotericist Thorwald Dethlefsen. The elements belonging to Self-spirituality, according to Heelas, - (true) self, ego, society - are examined and the immanent contradictions are exposed. The investigation comes to the conclusion that the self in fact is not the highest authority in New Age spirituality, as Heelas claims, but that it is a disguise of the real authority - destiny. For the esoteric search for the true self strives to merge with destiny by absolutely submitting to it. Thus, instead of the deification of the self, the self-neglecting deification of destiny is the essence of New Age ideology. This ideology, however, is not exposed in this essay as an absurdity, but is interpreted as a symptom of late capitalist society, which appears like an impenetrable doom to those subjected to it. The work claims not only to contribute to the critique of esoteric ideology, but also to the critique of religious studies which uncritically adopt the self-misunderstanding of their subject.
The work is made available in open access with kind permission by the publisher Campus. The work is based on my doctoral research project funded by Hans Böckler Foundation (Düsseldorf, Germany), Stiftung für Psychotherapie und Psychoanalyse (Zürich, Switzerland), and Stiftung Zeitlehren (Karlsruhe, Germany). Errata: On page 576 the first corresponding figure is mistakenly identified as "(vgl. Dethlefsen 1998: 157)". The correct reference is "(Barth 2012: 157)". As a consequence the following corresponding figures of the paragraph are also referring to (Barth 2012).
religious criticism, ideology critique, Sociology & anthropology, Ideologiekritik, critical theory, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10044037, 30100, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10054209, Philosophy, Ethics, Religion, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10050129, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10037548, Philosophie, Theologie, Religionssoziologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10047020, Autorität, Religionskritik, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10048335, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10056592, Philosophie, spirituality, Kritische Theorie, Philosophy, Spiritualität, Soziologie, Anthropologie, New Age, Sociology of Religion, authority, 10200, sociology of religion, ddc: ddc:100, ddc: ddc:301
religious criticism, ideology critique, Sociology & anthropology, Ideologiekritik, critical theory, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10044037, 30100, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10054209, Philosophy, Ethics, Religion, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10050129, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10037548, Philosophie, Theologie, Religionssoziologie, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10047020, Autorität, Religionskritik, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10048335, http://lod.gesis.org/thesoz/concept_10056592, Philosophie, spirituality, Kritische Theorie, Philosophy, Spiritualität, Soziologie, Anthropologie, New Age, Sociology of Religion, authority, 10200, sociology of religion, ddc: ddc:100, ddc: ddc:301
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