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Autonomisation de la femme en milieu rural au Bénin : une contextualisation par les projets & programmes d'alphabétisation

Authors: Ahonami Yvette DOGNON;

Autonomisation de la femme en milieu rural au Bénin : une contextualisation par les projets & programmes d'alphabétisation

Abstract

L’autonomisation dite « empowerment » des femmes rurales reste l’une des stratégies de lutte contre leur situation de pauvreté et de vulnérabilité. Elle a fait l’objet de plusieurs études qui ont tenté de la mesurer pour connaître des effets des actions de développement en leur faveur. Concept polysémique et multidimensionnel, l’autonomisation est complexe ; sa mesure est difficile et présente des défis liés, notamment, à ses caractères subjectif et contextuel qui suggèrent une définition opérationnelle et contextuelle du concept. Par les programmes d’alphabétisation, les femmes sont susceptibles de devenir autonomes. Un des aspects déterminants de ces programmes est « le moment où les participantes sont invitées à établir le profil de ce que devrait être une femme autonome dans le contexte qui lui est propre ». Cet article tente de répondre à la question suivante : quelle est la perception de l’autonomisation des femmes rurales dans le contexte du Bénin où plusieurs programmes d’alphabétisation ont été mis en œuvre ? Dans cette optique, une approche exploratoire, qualitative et participative fut adoptée et soutenue par six (06) entrevues de groupe de sept (07) femmes rurales chacun dans six (06) départements du Bénin. Par la méthode d’analyse du contenu, le concept d’autonomisation est contextualisé avec un cadre de mesure adaptée et une définition locale telle qu’elles l’ont perçue : l’autonomisation est un processus de changement qui intervient dans la vie des femmes, par lequel elles accèdent/acquièrent (à) plus de ressources économiques et sociales, accèdent à de nouvelles connaissances et compétences pour améliorer leur bien-être et celui de leur famille, ainsi que pour renforcer leurs capacités de négociation avec les hommes/conjoints, négociation qui conduit à une consultation mutuelle et aboutit à des prises de décisions plus libres. Les résultats obtenus pourraient servir de point de départ pour des recherches futures visant à évaluer les effets ou l’impact de la participation des femmes rurales aux projets et programmes d’alphabétisation sur leur niveau d’autonomisation. Mots clés : Autonomisation, femme alphabétisée, femme participante, milieu rural, mesure. Classification JEL: C83, I 25, I28, I38, I31, J16 Type de l’article : Recherche empirique

The so-called "empowerment" of rural women remains one of the strategies for combating their situation of poverty and vulnerability. It has been the subject of several studies which have attempted to measure it to know the effects of development actions in their favor. A polysemic and multidimensional concept, empowerment is complex; its measurement is difficult and presents challenges related particularly to its subjective and contextual characteristics, which suggest an operational and contextual definition of the concept. Through literacy programs, women are likely to become self-sufficient. One of the defining aspects of these programs is "when participants are asked to profile what an empowered woman should be in her own context". This article attempts to answer the following question: what is the perception of empowerment of rural women in the context of Benin, where several literacy programs have been implemented? In this perspective, an exploratory, qualitative and participatory approach was adopted and supported by six (06) group interviews of seven (07) rural women each in six (06) departments of Benin. Through the content analysis method, the concept of empowerment is contextualized with an appropriate measurement framework and a local definition as they perceived it: Empowerment is a process of change that takes place in women's lives, by which they access/acquire (to) more economic and social resources, gain access to new knowledge and skills to improve their well-being and that of their families, as well as to increase their negotiation skills with men/spouses, negotiation that leads to mutual consultation and results in freer decision-making. The results found could serve as a starting point for future research aimed at assessing the effects or impact of rural women's participation in literacy projects and programs on their level of empowerment. Keywords: Empowerment, literate woman, participating woman, rural environment, measurement. JEL Classification: C83, I 25, I28, I38, I31, J16 Type of paper: empirical research

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popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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